WHAT IS A TUBELESS TYRE....????????????

Tubeless tyres are those which do not require a separate inner tube unlike tubed tyres.

Advantages of tubeless tyres are :_

1.)  In case of puncture , the air leakage is very          slower. As the air can leak only through the            point of puncture, it gives sufficient time to the        driver to control the vehicle.

2.)  Better fuel efficiency , because of the light             weight due to the absence of the tube.

3.)  No tube related problems.

4.)  Less chance of damage in case of flat running ,        because no air instant loss.

:)

SPRUNG and UNSPRUNG WEIGHT....WHAT IS IT ....????????

SPRUNG WEIGHT  :--  Sprung weight is a term                                     used to describe the parts of a car that are supported by the front and rear suspension springs.

For e.g :--  Vehicle's frame , body , engine , driver ,                all liquids and the power train above the wheels.

These are quite heavy assemblies.


UNSPRUNG WEIGHT  :--   The Unsprung weight                                            includes wheels , tyres , brake assemblies , rear axle assembly and other structural members which are not supported by the suspension springs.

We can also say that all parts outboard from suspension springs.



The difference between two is also clear from the image.


:)

TYPES OF PETROL

LEADED AND UNLEADED PETROL 

(1.)  LEADED PETROL   :--  In this type ,                                                Petrol is treated
 with a lead compound i.e Tetraethyl Lead ( C8 H20 Pb) to reduce knocking ( problem due to unburn fuel ) problems in the vehicle.

But combustion of leaded petrol releases Lead into the air where it causes lead poisoning.

That is why Lead in petrol is banned in U.S.



(2.)  UNLEADED PETROL  :--  In this type of                                             petrol leaded compounds are not used.
      
This type of petrol is mostly used.

;)

FUNCTION OF LUBRICATION AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ( I.C ) ENGINE

# NEED FOR LUBRICATION.




In an I.C engine moving parts rub against 

each other causing frictional force.

DUE TO FRICTIONAL FORCE HEAT IS 

GENERATED AND THE ENGINE PARTS 

WEAR EASILY.

POWER IS ALSO LOST DUE TO FRICTION.




TO REDUCE THE POWER LOST AND 

WEAR AND TEAR OF THE MOVING 

PARTS A SUBSTANCE CALLED 

LUBRICANT IS INTRODUCED BETWEEN 

THE RUBBING PARTS OF THE ENGINE.

# FUNCTIONS OF LUBRICATION.

1.) IT REDUCES FRICTION BETWEEN MOVING PARTS.

2.) IT REDUCES WEAR AND TEAR OF MOVING PARTS.

3.) IT MINIMIZES POWER LOSSES DUE TO FRICTION.

4.) WHILE LUBRICATING IT ALSO CARRIES SOME HEAT FROM THE

MOVING PARTS AND DELIVERS IT TO THE SURROUNDINGS
THROUGH THE BOTTOM OF THE ENGINE (CRANK CASE).

5.) IT REDUCES NOISE CREATED BY MOVING PARTS.

6.) IT ACTS AS A CLEANING AGENT.

7.) PROTECT ENGINE PARTS FROM RUSTING.


;)

How Hydro Power Plant Works...?

Basically it is clear from the image that how Hydropower Plant works.

But,I am going to explain it...

Hydropower Plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A Turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water to mechanical energy.

The turbine is further connected with generator, so the generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.

This generated electricity is then transferred to the transformers and from these transformers it gets transferred to the main power lines.

Hydroplants range in size from " Micro-Hydros " that power only a few homes to giant dams like Hoover Dam that provide electricity to millions of people.

;)

HYBRID VEHICLE.....

A ' Hybrid vehicle ' is a vehicle that uses two or more power sources to move the vehicle.

In practice , that means a hybrid vehicle will have a traditional internal-combustion engine and a fuel tank , as well as one or more electric motors and a battery pack.

;)

How does a Photocopying Machine Works...??????

Photocopying machines are fairly complicated devices,but the basic principle is pretty simple.

At the heart of the process there is static electricity , a metal drum , a system of lenses and dark powder.

The machine's function depends on the fact that opposite electrical charges attract each other.

COPY A LETTER  :---  Let's follow the process of copying a letter :--

When you put the letter on the glass plate and push the start button, a metal drum below the glass is given a negative electrical charge.

A bright light shines on the original image and a system of lenses projects that image onto the drum.

Where the light strikes the surface of the metal drum the electrical charge disappears, but the dark parts of the image , that is the letters on the page, keep their charge.

THINK POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE  :--  At this point positively charged particles of black powder are deposited on the drum with its negatively charged letters.

Since opposite charges attract each other, the powder sticks to the plate where the letters are,but not to the rest of the drum, which has no charge.

Then a negatively charged piece of paper is pressed against the positively charged powder which is transferred to the paper.

Heat is momentarily applied to fuse the powder to the paper and out comes a warm copy of your letter.

So,its the interaction of positively and negatively charged parts in the photocopy machine  that allows the image to be copied from one piece of paper to other.

;)